Template:Lex/K


 * https://www.sumerian.org/sumg-k.htm

ka-al: clay pit.

ka(-al)-lu5: a vessel, bowl (Akkadian loanword, kalû; Orel & Stolbova #1423, *kalVy-, 'vessel').

ka-aš-bar: decision ('mouth' + 'one' + 'to divide'; cf., eš-bar).

ka-aš...bar: to render a decision.

ka...ba: to converse ('mouth' + 'to give').

ka...dù: to accuse (reduplication class) ('mouth' + 'to build, make').

kuška-dù: a leather wrapping for part of the plow.

ka-dù-a, ka-dù-dù: fierce or accusing mouth.

ka-duh-a: with open mouth ('mouth' + 'to crack open' + nominative).

(gtildeiš)KA-dúb-ba: a field tool (?).

ka-gáraš-a: catastrophe ('mouth' + 'military encampment' + nominative).

ka-guru7: granary supervisor ('mouth' + 'silo').

ka-gtildeìri: path ('mouth' + 'feet; way, path').

KA...HAR: (cf., zú...ur5).

ka-íd-da: canal intake ('mouth' + 'river' + genitive).

KA-kešda: regiment ('mouth; word' + 'to bind').

KA...kéš-(d): to organize; to have an agreement; to put together; to become undone, disorganized (with -ta-).

ka ki...zu-zu: to kiss the ground ('mouth' + 'ground' + reduplicated 'to know').

ka-làl: a sweet person ('mouth' + 'honey').

KA×LI...di/e: (cf., gù-nun...di/e).

KA×LI...gi4(-gi4): (cf., sig14..gi4).

ka-lu5: (cf., ka-al-lu5).

KA-nun...di/e: (cf., gù-nun...di/e).

ka...sag9-sag9: to make the mouth pleasant ('mouth' + reduplicated 'good, pleasing').

ka-sìg[PA]: an insulting mouth ('mouth' + 'to strike, knock down'; cf., igi-sìg-sìg).

ka-sù-ga: an empty mouth ('mouth' + 'to be empty' + nominative).

ka-šakan: supervisor of the fat stores ('mouth' + 'large oil jar').

KA šu...gtildeál: (cf., kiri4 šu...gtildeál).

ka-ta-è: utterance ('mouth' + 'from' + 'to go out').

ka-ta...kar: to take away ('mouth' + 'from' + 'to take away').

ka-tab: to be clogged ('mouth' + 'to clasp').

ka-tar: princely; praise; challenger; a type of fungus or rot ('mouth' + 'to decide; to destroy').

ka-tar...si-il: to praise ('praise' + sil, 'to praise').

ká-bar-ra: outer door ('gate' + 'outside' + nominative).

KÁ.GAL: (cf., abul).

ká-mè: wings of a temple door ('gate' + 'battle').

káb...dug4: to measure or count commodities for accounting or taxation ('string' ? + 'to do').

(dug)káb-dug4-ga: a measuring jar with a capacity of 20 sìla.

(gtildeiš)KAK+LIŠ-la(2): chariot; cart.

kak-ús: goad ('nail' + 'to drive'; cf., bar-úsurudu).

kal-kal; ka-al-ka-al: highly esteemed or valued, precious (reduplicated 'to esteem, value').

kal-la-kal-la: barren, empty ('to be rare').

(munus)kar-kid: prostitute (B. Alster reads munus-kar-ke4) ('marketplace' + 'reed mat').

kar(-ra)...ús: to reach the quay (in a boat) ('quay' + locative + 'to reach, moor to').

kaskal...sig10/sì(-g): to clear a road ('road' + 'to place, put in; to engrave; to make flat, even').

kaš-dé-a: banquet, libation, party ('beer' + 'to pour' + nominative).

kaš-dé...aka: to put on a banquet ('banquet' + 'to do').

kaš-dùg/du10: sweet drink ('beer' + 'sweet, fresh').

kaš-gíg: dark beer ('beer' + 'black, dark').

kaš-gíg-dùg-ga: good dark beer ('beer' + 'black, dark' + 'sweet, fresh' + nominative).

kaš-kal: strong (?) beer ('beer' + 'strong; excellent').

kaš-si4: reddish-brown beer ('beer' + 'red-brown').

kaš-sig5: good beer ('beer' + 'good, fine quality').

kaš-sig15: light beer ('beer' + 'pleasing; valuable'; cf., zíd-sig15).

kaš-sur-ra: pressed out beer ('beer' + 'to press; to brew' + nominative).

kàš...sur: to urinate ('urine' + 'to expel a liquid').

kaš4...dug4/du11/e: to run ('speed' + 'to effect').

kaš4-di: adj. or adv., running.

kaš4...kar: to run fast ('speed' + 'to escape, run away').

ke-en-ge-ra: (cf., ki-en-gi7(-r)).

kéš-de6: a fish measure ('to join, tie' + 'to carry').

ki-a-nagtilde: libation place; death offering ('place' + 'water' + 'to water').

ki-á-ágtilde-(gtildeá): the place of issuing orders (cf., á-ágtilde-gtildeá, 'instructions, orders').

ki...ágtilde-(gtilde): to love (someone: with dative infix; something: with locative/loc.-terminative infix); to show affection ('ground' + 'to measure' = the first recorded euphemism ?, or the result of popular etymology from kam(2), 'to desire'; cf., ki-ná...aka).

ki-ágtilde: beloved.

ki-bad-rá: distant places ('places' + 'to be at a distance' + nominative).

ki-bala: rebellious country, rebel land ('place' + 'to revolt').

ki-búr: solution, answer ('place' + 'exposed').

ki...dar: to break the ground ('ground' + 'to split'; cf., ki-in-dar).

ki...de6: to bury ('ground' + 'to bring; to continue').

ki-di-ku5-da/ru: place of judicial decisions ('place' + 'decisions' + 'to cut, decide' + nominative without/with vowel harmony).

ki-dul: secret; obscure point ('place' + 'to cover, hide').

ki-dúr: nest or den for animals (plural, cf., ki-tuš) ('place' + 'to dwell (plural)').

ki-duru5: parts of the field where the ground is moist and productive; riverbank; generosity (cf., piš10, peš10; pešx[KI.A]) ('ground' + 'moist').

ki-e-ne-di: playing ground; (place of) dancing (also read as ešemen) ('place' + 'to play').

ki-è: exit ('place' + 'to go out').

ki-en-gir15/gi7(-r); ki-en-gi(-r): Sumer ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble; native').

ki-gal: big place; great Earth (as opposed to an-gal, 'great Heavens'); foundations ('place' + 'big').

ki-(bi-šè)...gi4: to restore (usually with bi-, or with dative prefix) (lit., return [to its] place) ('place' [ + 'its' + 'to' ] + 'to return, restore').

ki-gibil-gibil-lá: constant renewal ('place' + reduplicated 'renewal' + nominative).

ki-gub(-ba): assigned place to stand, station; socle ('place' + 'to stand' + nominative).

ki-gul-la: waif ('ground' + 'to fall upon' + nominative; cf., gul-lum).

ki-gtildear: grounds; settled place; place where something is built ('ground' + 'to place').

ki...gtildear: to found, establish (a building or town) (often with -ni- or bi-) ('ground' + 'to place').

ki-še-er...gtildear: to bring success ('place' + šár, 'to be many; abundance' + 'to establish').

ki-šè...gtildear: to fall/throw upon the ground ('ground' [ + 'onto' ] + 'to set').

ki-gtildeìri: path ('place' + 'feet; way, path').

ki-gtildeiš-gtildeiš-lá: battlefield ('place' + 'tools' + 'to raise'; cf., gtildeiš-gtildeiš-lá).

ki-hul: mourning rites ('ground' + 'to destroy; evil').

ki...hur: to scratch the earth; to paw the ground ('ground' + 'to scratch').

ki-in-dar: hole, crevice ('ground' + 'instance of' + 'to split'; cf., ki-dar).

ki-in-du: the earth ('ground' + 'instance of' + 'to walk').

ki-in-gi4-a: (cf., kin-gi4-a).

ki-inim-ma: place of testimony (cf., lú-ki-inim-ma) ('place' + 'oath' + genitive).

ki-ir-ga: (cf., di-ir-ga).

ki-iz: to trim, to clean (of hair, leaves, or vegetation) (cf., guz).

ki-kal-kal-la: the very precious place ('place' + reduplicated 'to value, esteem' + nominative).

ki-kal-la-kal-la: the barren place = the netherworld ('place' + 'barren, empty').

ki-kalag: hard ground ('ground' + 'strong'; cf., kankal).

ki-kid: a place of reed mats ('place' + 'reed mat').

ki...kígtilde, kin: to seek (with -ši- denoting the object of the search) ('place, ground' + 'to seek, scour')

ki-kúkku: dark place ('place' + 'dark').

ki-lal/lá(-bi): (its) weight, where weight refers to area or volume; excavation, grave; cellar granary, silo; shape, arrangement ('area' + 'to weigh, lift').

(gtildeiš)ki-lá: water meter.

ki...lá: to heed, pay attention to.

ki-lugal-gub(-ba): royal place ('place' + 'king' + 'to stand').

ki-lul-la: place of murder or violence ('place' + 'malicious act' + genitive).

ki-ma-an-zé-er: a slippery place ('a place where it slips for me'; cf., gtildeìri...zé-er).

ki-mah: high place; place of honor; grave ('place' + 'exalted').

ki-ná: sleeping quarters; bed, bedding ('place' + 'bed').

ki-ná...aka: to make love ('bed' + 'to do').

ki-nam-nitah: battlefield ('place' + 'manliness').

KI.NE: (cf., dinig and nemur).

ki-ní-te: resting place ('place' + ní...te-en, 'to calm down').

ki-ninda-gu7: place to eat bread ('place' + 'bread' + 'to eat').

ki...ri: to scratch the ground ('ground' + 'to touch ;to gather').

ki-sá-a: socle ('place' + 'to compare with' + nominative).

ki-sá-al-ma-he: syllabic writing for kisal-mah-e, 'in the great courtyard'.

ki-sahar: place of silt deposits ('place' + 'silt').

ki-sì-ga: funerary offering; quarantine hut ('ground' + 'to place, set' + nominative).

itiki-sig-dNin-a-zu: calendar month 4 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; calendar month 5 at Drehem after Šu-Sin 3; calendar month 5 at Ur during Ur III.

ki-sikil: young woman; virgin ('place' + 'pure').

ki-a...su-ub: to kiss the ground; to prostrate oneself ('ground' + locative + 'to suck').

ki-su-ub...aka: to kiss the ground; to make obeisance ('to kiss the ground' + 'to do').

ki-sug8, ki-su7: threshing floor, select fallow land whose surface was conditioned to act as a threshing floor ('land' + 'threshing floor'; cf., kislah).

ki-sum-ma: onion-growing land ('land' + 'onions' + genitive).

ki...sur: to fix the boundary ('place' + 'ditch; to delimit').

ki-šár: horizon; everywhere ('place' + 'totality').

ki-še-er: fence; enclosure; limit ('place' + šár, 'to be many').

ki-šúr: snake hole; grave; cavity in the ground ('place' + 'fierce').

ki-ta: below; lower ('ground' + locative with remote deixis).

ki-X-ta: disbursed by X ('from the place of X').

ki...tag: to lay on the ground; to lay the foundation ('ground' + 'to adorn').

ki...tùm: to bury (a dead person) ('ground' + 'to prepare; to bring').

ki-tuš: seat; dwelling place (singular, cf., ki-dúr) ('place' + 'to sit, dwell (singular)').

ki-umun2-(m): "place of knowledge" (school); large beer container ('place' + 'idea, knowledge').

KI-UD(-k): desert land ('place' + 'sun; dry').

ki-ùr: territory; living grounds ('place' + 'roofs').

ki-uri: the land of Akkade ('place' + 'protectors ?').

ki...ús: to set on the ground; to touch the ground; to throw to the ground; to establish (often with -ni-) ('ground' + 'to moor, join').

ki...za: to bow down, submit (reduplication class) ('ground' + 'to make a repetitive motion').

ki-za...bad; ki-za...sù: to make homage far from ('homage' + 'to be at a distance, remote').

ki-za...túmu: to obtain homage; to refuse obeisance ('homage' + 'to obtain').

ki-zàh: a sacred locality ('place' + 'to hide').

ki-zú-ur5-ra: sharp edge ('place' + 'teeth' + 'mill stone; to chew' + nominative).

kí-sa: (cf., gi-sa).

KÍD-alam: sculptor ('to pinch off clay' + 'statue').

kígtilde/kinku6: a fish.

kígtilde...aka: to work; to manufacture ('orders' + 'to do').

kígtilde-šè...aka: to put to work ('orders' + terminative + 'to do').

kígtilde-dù-a: construction work ('tasks' + 'to build, erect' + nominative).

kígtilde-dúb-ba: hammering work ('tasks' + 'to strike, hammer' + nominative).

kígtilde...gtildeá: to work ('orders' + 'to make, deliver').

kígtilde-gi4-a: messenger, envoy; message ('messages' + 'to return' + 'the one who').

itikígtilde-dInanna: calendar month 6 at Nippur during Ur III.

kígtilde-sahar: earth-moving work ('tasks' + 'earth, silt').

kígtilde-sig(7/17)(-g), kígtilde-se11/12(-g): evening meal; time of the evening meal; evening; cool of the evening ('tasks' + 'late').

kígtilde-sig-gin7: during the evening ('evening' + 'during').

kígtilde...ti: to assign work ('orders' + 'to keep alive').

kígtilde[-kígtilde]...til: to finish one's work ('orders' + 'to keep alive').

kin: (cf., kígtilde).

na4kín-an-na: upper millstone ('millstone' + 'to be high' + nominative).

kìri[KA]-zal: prosperity, splendor; splendid, wonderful ('nose' + 'to shine').

kìri/kir4[KA]-dib/dab: groom (for leading donkeys and horses and as a title of a court official) ('nose' + 'to catch, hold').

kiri4-šu-dù: supplication(s) ('nose' + 'hand' + 'to fasten, apply').

kiri4 šu...gtildeál: to pay homage to, to greet (dative) ('nose' + 'hand' + 'to place on').

kiri4...te-en: to sneeze ('nose' + 'cold').

kiri4...ur5: to sniff at; to sneer at ('nose' + 'to smell').

kiri4-zal: joy, prosperity ('dam in a stream' + 'to be full, abundant').

kiri6...dù: to lay out a garden ('garden' + 'to set up; to plant').

kisal-mah: main courtyard ('courtyard' + 'foremost').

kiš-nu-gtildeál: brightly lit ('the city of Kish' + 'lamps' + 'to have').

kišib-gtildeál: seal-keeper ('seal' + 'to have').

kišib...ra(-ra): to seal; to subpoena ('seal' + 'to roll, impress').

kú: (cf., gu7).

KU-KU: ancestors (?) ('to found; to lie down').

ku-dun...dug4: to profit ('solid base' + 'to heap, pile up' + 'to speak, do').

dugku-kur-dù: a jar ('solid base' + 'mountain' + 'to mould, make').

ku-li: friend; a standard size clay beer pot in range 0.5 - 1.2 liters ('solid base' + 'true measure').

ku-li-an-na: friend of heaven; dragonfly ('friend' + 'sky' + genitive).

ku-mul: cumin (Elamite ? loanword).

ku-nu: to approach; to be near.

kù-babbar: silver ('noble metal' + 'white').

kù-dam-taka4: divorce settlement ('silver' + 'spouse' + 'to leave with a person').

kù-dím: goldsmith, silversmith, metal worker ('noble metal' + 'to fashion').

kù-du8: ransom money (for a slave) ('silver' + 'to untie').

kù-gtildeál: inspector ('silver' + 'to have').

kù-im-ba(-aš...ku4): to lose money ('silver' + 'loss' ( + plural marker + 'to enter, turn into').

kù...lá: to settle an account ('silver' + 'to weigh').

kù-luh-ha: refined silver ('noble metal, silver' + 'to clean' + nominative).

kù-sig17: gold ('noble metal' + 'yellow').

kù-tuku: one who has silver ('silver' + 'to have').

kù-zu: expert, erudite, clever; wisdom ('bright' + 'to know').

kù-zu-nì-nam-ma: the all wise ('expert' + nígtilde-na-me, 'anything' + genitive).

ku6-a-dé: fresh fish ('fish' + 'water' + 'to pour, water').

ku6-ab-baku6: sea fish ('fish' + 'sea' + genitive).

ku6-banšur-ra: fish for the (offering) table ('fish' + 'table' + genitive).

ku6-dar-ra: dried fish ('fish' + 'to slice' + nominative).

ku6-engur(-ra-k): fish of the marshes ('fish' + 'fresh waters' + genitive).

ku6-íl: fish delivery ('fish' + 'to carry').

kud-kud-rá: a lame person (reduplicated 'to cut off' + nominative).

kug: (cf., kù).

kun-kà-an...za: to bubble (see the definition for za).

kun-sagtilde: staircase of the sanctuary ('tail; staircase' + 'head, chief').

kun-su3/13(-su3/13): long-tailed ('tail' + 'to stretch; to wag a tail; to be long').

kun-zi(-da): weir ('canal reservoir' + 'to strengthen').

ku6kun-zi(-da): fish-pond fish.

kur-(gtildeiš)erin-na: mountain of cedar trees ('mountain' + 'cedar' + genitive).

kur-gal: great mountain - a metaphor for temples and for Sumer as a place where earth and sky meet ('mountain' + 'big').

kur-gi4mušen: goose, geese ('mountains' + 'to return').

kur-ra diri-ga: supreme over the lands ('lands' + locative + 'to be supreme' + nominative).

kur-sig: deep mountain ('mountain' + 'low').

kúr...di: to speak hostile words ('hostile' + 'to speak').

kur7...aka: to inspect ('to watch; lookout' + 'to do').

kur7-aka: inspection record.

kuš...dù: to treat or dress skin ('leather' + 'to raise up, make').

kuš-dù: treated or flayed skin.

kuš-dù-dù: leather-dresser.

kuš-lá: leather cord ('leather' + 'to hang; strap').

kuš-nagtilde: leather water pail or hose ('leather' + 'to drink').

kùš-numun: in the Akkad period, a length measure equal to 2 cubits, 2 gtildcapIŠ-BAD, = 1 meter.

kuš7...sud/sù/su: to level; to devastate ('devastation' + 'to immerse').

kušu/kušumx(-ki)...tag: to crawl; to sneak away; to run ('herd' ( + ground) + 'to touch').